American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam

What is the most common type of cancer in the United States?

1. Melanoma

2. Lung cancer

3. Basil cell carcinoma (BCC)

4. Prostate cancer

The correct answer is: Basil cell carcinoma (BCC)

The most common type of cancer in the United States is basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This skin cancer arises from the basal cells, which are located in the lowest layer of the epidermis. BCC is prevalent primarily due to the high exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or other sources, making it particularly common among fair-skinned individuals who have a history of significant sun exposure. Basal cell carcinoma is notable not just for its frequency, but also for its generally favorable prognosis compared to other forms of cancer. It tends to grow slowly and is less likely to metastasize, which can often lead to successful treatment outcomes if caught early. As skin cancer incidences rise, particularly BCC, it reinforces the importance of sun safety and skin checks for early detection. In contrast, lung cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer, while significant in their own right, do not surpass the incidence rate of basal cell carcinoma. Lung cancer, for example, is more commonly associated with smoking and environmental factors, while melanoma, a more aggressive skin cancer than BCC, accounts for a smaller proportion of skin cancer cases despite its seriousness. Prostate cancer is prevalent among men but does not outnumber the incidences of basal cell carcinoma overall. Hence